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Calcium (Mineral)
Used for bone formation and maintenance, weight gain, feed utilization, blood clotting, necessary for contraction of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. Important in regulation of heartbeat, necessary for secretion of a number of hormones.
Calcium Carbonate (mineral)
A source of calcium.
Calcium Pantothenate (vitamin)
Added as a pure source for B vitamin (a d-pantothenic acid on vitamin list).
Caramel Color (coloring)
A natural coloring that is GRAS (generally recognized as safe) approved in animal feeds by AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials).
Carbohydrates (carbohydrate)
Common carbohydrate sources are plants and grains. Carbohydrates, also categorized as starches (sugars) and fibers, provide energy and bulk, respectively. Starches are made up of various types of sugar, such as glucose or fructose. Sugar can be easily converted by the dog or cat through digestion into usable energy. See also Fiber.
Carrageenan (fiber)
A fermentable fiber derived from red seaweed. It is used to stabilize and thicken the product.
Cellulose (fiber)
Cellulose, a chain of sugar units, forms the skeleton for most plant structures. It is human grade and is used in products such as ice cream, shredded cheese, and as a binding agent (carrier) in pills and supplements. In pet foods it is used as a source of fiber. Our research has shown that cellulose, in combination with beet pulp, improved the efficiency of hair movement through the digestive tract of cats. Our Iams and Eukanuba Hairball diets contain the fiber combination of cellulose and beet pulp. As with any fiber, cellulose cannot be broken down/digested by the intestinal enzymes of the dog or cat.
Chelated Minerals (Mineral)
Chelated minerals and vitamins are bound to a carrier, such as an amino acid or metal. For example, copper proteinate is a chelated mineral. In theory, chelation protects the mineral as well as increases its absorption and utilization. In addition, chelation helps to keep the minerals bound to the product.
Chicken (protein)
Muscle meat: the clean combination of flesh and skin with or without accompanying bone, derived from the parts or whole carcasses of chicken or combination thereof, exclusive of feathers, heads, feet and entrails. It contains none of the internal organs - it arrives frozen and is mixed in during processing - where it is then cooked. It provides essential amino acids for muscle building, tissue repair, hormone synthesis and other metabolic processes natural sources of taurine, an essential amino acid that helps maintain normal eye, heart and reproductive functions in cats.
Chicken By-Product Meal (protein)
Chicken by-product meal is flesh and skin, internal organs including intestines, and bone that have been cleaned, dried, cooked and ground. It provides essential amino acids for muscle building, tissue repair, hormone synthesis and other metabolic processes. Internal organs are rich sources of protein, fats, and minerals, such as iron, that are essential to dog and cat health and add to the palatability of the pet food.
Including some ground bone provides a good source of minerals, such as calcium. Some pet-food manufacturers formulate their products without such ingredients to appeal to dog and cat owners, rather than for optimal health of dogs and cats. However, the nutritional needs of dogs and cats are not the same as the nutritional needs of humans. No company can say that their chicken/poultry is absolutely 100% free of beaks, feet, feathers, heads. Our suppliers do not add those parts, we specifically require that they not be included. They would decrease protein quality if they were there in measurable amounts. Tumors should not be there since those birds would be condemned. We use the non-economic parts of chickens that have been through USDA inspection. The advantages of Chicken By-Product Meal are the quality of the protein (quality is measured as biologic value - which is a measure of digestibility and the levels of essential amino acids that it can supply) and the levels of fat and minerals that it supplies - only chicken and egg are judged to be better. Chicken and egg go mostly for human consumption, so that leaves CBPM as the best available source.
Chicken By-Products (protein)
Chicken by-products is a protein source that includes chicken muscle meat as well as chicken organ meat. It is a wet ingredient, that is, it is not a dried meal. It provides essential amino acids for muscle building, tissue repair, hormone synthesis and other metabolic processes.
Chicken Cartilage (other)
Naturally provides glucosamine and chondroitin-sulfate that is high quality and is expected to deliver the same joint health benefits as the previous formulas. The availability of the components of this natural ingredient has been optimized through a patented process, allowing them to be absorbed through the intestines. This processed cartilage is a natural source of glucosamine and chondroitin-sulfate, as well as other components of the healthy joint. Natural sources of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are also brought into the formula by the chicken by-product meal ingredient.
Chicken Fat (fat)
A high quality energy source, provides essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid. Is a source for omega-6 fatty acids and is essential for maintenance of skin and coat and proper membrane structure.
Chicken Liver (protein)
Provides essential amino acids for muscle building, tissue repair, hormone synthesis and other metabolic processes.
Chicken Meal (protein)
Chicken meal includes flesh, skin and bone that have been cleaned, dried, cooked and ground. Muscle meat, skin and bone with none of the internal organs - those components have been cleaned, cooked, dried, and ground prior to being mixed during processing. Provides essential amino acids for muscle building, tissue repair, hormone synthesis and other metabolic processes.
Choline Chloride (vitamin)
Best described as a "helper" vitamin because it becomes a part of the body structure. Choline is found in many animal tissues and plants; also a basic constituent of lecithin. It is a structural component of fat and nerve tissue and is present in all fat containing foods. It is added for vitamin balance.
Chondroitin Sulfate (other)
Naturally occurring compounds that aid in the nourishment and maintenance of healthy joint cartilage. They help build strong cartilage and ensure joint lubrication.
Citric Acid (preservative)
Citric acid is a 3-carbon sugar, found in almost undetectable amounts in our foods, but beneficial because of its antioxidant effect.
Cobalt (mineral)
A trace mineral - meaning that its requirement is relatively small. An integral part of Vitamin B12 which maintains appetite, growth and coat quality. Examples of trace elements are selenium, copper and iron. Macro minerals are needed in higher amounts by animals. Diets need to be supplemented with cobalt. The two common forms used are cobalt carbonate and cobalt chloride.
Cobalt Carbonate (mineral)
Dietary source of cobalt - A rock that is mined and is found occurring naturally with a carbonic group (CO3..i.e. 1 carbon and 3 oxygens) attached to the cobalt molecule. It is the salt of carbonic acid.
Copper Amino Acid Chelate (mineral)
This is chelated copper. Chelated minerals and vitamins are bound to a carrier, such as an amino acid or metal. The theory is that chelation will improve absorption because the carrier is easily absorbed. Chelation protects the mineral, as well as increases its absorption and utilization.
Copper Sulfate (mineral)
Copper is involved in tissue pigment and protein synthesis. Used for hemoglobin formation, hair and coat formation. Iams uses one source of copper-copper sulfate.
Corn Bran (fiber)
Corn bran is the outer coating of the corn kernel and is largely fiber.
Corn Gluten Meal (protein)
Corn gluten meal is a dried protein source. It remains after the corn's bran has been separated and removed and a large portion of the carbohydrate and germ have been removed. Corn gluten meal is not as digestible as high quality animal protein ingredients and is deficient in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. Eukanuba foods do NOT include this ingredient.
Corn Grits (carbohydrate)
An excellent source of quick energy. It is the hard, coarse portions of ground corn that contain little or no fiber or protein. Corn grits are used in processing to add a fuller shape to pet-food kibbles and are part of the carbohydrate blend in our cat foods. Corn grits are the portion of ground corn containing little or none of the bran (fiber) or germ (the small protein portion at the end of the kernel).
Corn Meal (carbohydrate)
An excellent source of quick energy, these corn kernels are finely ground to break up the outside covering of each kernel, and then cooked at high temperatures to increase digestibility. Corn generally results in a lower glycemic and insulin response than rice. This can be especially beneficial for senior and overweight pets. Of the many dogs that regularly eat a food containing corn, only a few will develop an allergy to corn.
Corn Oil (fat)
A source for omega-6 fatty acids and is essential for maintenance of skin and coat and proper membrane structure. It is extracted from corn germ. It enhances coat condition, provides fatty acids and helps reduce skin inflammation in carnivores.
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